Myofascial trigger points, often referred to simply as trigger points, are hyperirritable spots in the fascia, which is the connective tissue that surrounds muscles, bones, and organs. These points are tender when pressed and can produce pain locally or refer pain to other areas of the body. Myofascial trigger points are commonly associated with muscle overuse, trauma, or stress.
Here are some key characteristics of myofascial trigger points:
Localized Tenderness: Trigger points are typically tender when palpated or pressed. The tenderness can range from mild discomfort to intense pain.
Referred Pain: Trigger points can cause pain to be felt in a location distant from the actual point. This referred pain can make it challenging to identify the true source of discomfort.
Muscle Dysfunction: Trigger points may lead to muscle dysfunction, causing weakness, limited range of motion, or altered muscle activation patterns.
Palpable Knots or Nodules: When palpating the affected area, healthcare professionals may feel a palpable knot or nodule in the muscle.
Common Causes: Trigger points can develop due to various factors, including muscle overuse, poor posture, muscle trauma, stress, or inflammatory conditions.
There are two main types of trigger points:
Active Trigger Points: These are points that cause pain or discomfort at rest and may also cause referred pain.
Latent Trigger Points: These points are not actively causing pain, but they have the potential to become active trigger points, often in response to stress, overuse, or other factors.
Treatment of Myofascial Trigger Points:
Manual Therapy: Techniques such as massage, myofascial release, and trigger point therapy involve applying pressure to the trigger point to release tension in the affected muscle.
Stretching and Exercise: Stretching and strengthening exercises can help improve muscle flexibility and reduce the likelihood of trigger point development.
Heat and Cold Therapy: Applying heat or cold to the affected area may help alleviate pain and promote relaxation.
Dry Needling: This technique involves inserting thin needles into the trigger point to stimulate a therapeutic response.
Medications: In some cases, medications such as muscle relaxants or anti-inflammatory drugs may be prescribed to manage pain and inflammation.
