Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder characterised by widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and tenderness in specific areas of the body. While the exact cause of fibromyalgia is not well understood, it is believed to involve a combination of genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. The condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life and daily functioning.
Key Features of Fibromyalgia:
Widespread Pain: The pain associated with fibromyalgia is often described as a constant dull ache that lasts for at least three months. It typically affects both sides of the body and is present above and below the waist.
Tender Points: There are specific tender points on the body, such as the neck, shoulders, chest, hips, knees, and elbows, which are more sensitive to pressure in individuals with fibromyalgia.
Fatigue: Persistent fatigue and sleep disturbances, including non-restorative sleep, are common in fibromyalgia.
Cognitive Difficulties: Some individuals with fibromyalgia experience cognitive difficulties, often referred to as "fibro fog," which can involve problems with memory, concentration, and thinking.
Physiotherapy plays a crucial role in managing fibromyalgia symptoms and improving overall function. Here are ways in which physiotherapy can be beneficial:
Exercise Programs: A tailored exercise program is a cornerstone of physiotherapy for fibromyalgia. Regular, low-impact aerobic exercises, such as walking, swimming, or cycling, can help improve cardiovascular fitness, reduce pain, and enhance overall well-being. Strengthening exercises may also be incorporated to improve muscle function.
Stretching and Flexibility Exercises: Gentle stretching exercises can help improve flexibility and reduce muscle stiffness. This can be particularly helpful for people with fibromyalgia who often experience tightness in muscles.
Education and Self-Management: Physiotherapists provide education on pain management strategies, including pacing activities, stress reduction techniques, and energy conservation. This empowers individuals to actively manage their symptoms.
Posture and Body Mechanics: Improving posture and body mechanics is important for individuals with fibromyalgia, as poor posture can contribute to pain and discomfort. Physiotherapists can provide guidance on ergonomics and body mechanics to minimise stress on the body.
Manual Therapy: Hands-on techniques, such as massage and myofascial release, may be used to alleviate muscle tension and improve circulation. Joint mobilisation and manipulation may also be employed in some cases.
Aquatic Therapy: Water-based exercises in a warm pool can be beneficial for individuals with fibromyalgia, as the buoyancy of water reduces the impact on joints and provides resistance for strengthening.
Pain Relief Modalities: Physiotherapists may use modalities such as heat, cold, or electrical stimulation to help alleviate pain and improve comfort.
It's important to note that the management of fibromyalgia often requires a multidisciplinary approach, physiotherapists, rheumatologists, pain specialists, and other healthcare professionals. Treatment plans are individualised based on the specific needs and symptoms of each person with fibromyalgia. SmartMoves physios understand the importance of this approach and place a large emphasis on communication.
